Hematologic diseases include the diseases of blood. Certain types of anemias and iron disorders fall in this category. The Hematologic diseases include a large number of diseases. Hemoglobinopathies is one kind of Hematologic disease, which is caused by the congenital abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule. It can also happen due to abnormal Sickle-cell disease, Thalassemia and Methemoglobinemia fall in this category. Another most common form of Hematologic disease is Anemia, which occurs due to lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin. The Anemia can be of different types like, Iron deficiency anemia, Megaloblastic anemia, Pernicious anemia, Hemolytic anemia etc. In Hemolytic anemia destruction of red blood cells takes place.
Certain Hematologic diseases like, Hereditary spherocytosis and Hereditary elliptocytosis cause due to genetic disorders of RBC membrane. The other types of Hematologic diseases like, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) and Pyruvate kinase deficiency cause due to genetic disorders of RBC metabolism. The Hematologic diseases can also form in the new born babies.
The Hemolytic diseases of the newborn (HDN) can be, Rh disease (Rh D), ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn, Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn, Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn, Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn and Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kid, Duffy, MN, P and others). The Aplastic anemia like, Fanconi anemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, and Acquired pure red cell aplasia are also Hematologic diseases.
Some of the Hematologic diseases like, Myelodysplastic syndrome, Myelofibrosis,
Neutropenia, Agranulocytosis, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of platelets) due to decreased numbers of blood cells. Neutropenia is a disease which is due to decrease in the number of neutrophils whereas Thrombocytopenia occurs when there is decrease in the number of platelets. Increase in the number of blood cells cause Myeloproliferative disorders, which may be
Polycythemia vera, Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis, Myeloproliferative disorder.
Leukocytosis is the increase in the number of white blood cells and Thrombocytosis occur due to increase in the number of platelets. The disorder of clotting proteins in the blood causes, Hemophilia, which can be Hemophilia A, Hemophilia B and Hemophilia C. The disorders of blood platelets cause various diseases, which are, Thrombocytopenia
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
Hematology is the branch of Biology, which is involved in the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. The Hematology covers the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of blood diseases. It also includes the study of etiology. The haematilogical diseases hamper the production of blood. These diseases also affect the components of blood like, blood cells, blood proteins, haemoglobin etc., the mechanism of coagulation, etc. Hematologic diseases damage the mechanism of coagulation.
The Hematologic diseases are more common among the people who are addicted to alcoholism. The alcoholism plays a great role in physical damage of all systems of the body. The most important systems of our body to get affected by alcoholism are, cardiovascular system, the nervous system and the gastro intestinal system. Some of the diseases caused due to alcoholism may prove to fatal. Taking alcohol keeps very bad impact on our heart. The most common Hematologic disease caused due to alcoholism is increase of lipid levels in the blood. These are called blood fats. As a result arteriosclerosis or"hardening of the arteries" takes place. This may result in risk of stroke and early death.
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